gamma matrices

Posted by dougsweetser
QMN:1009.6241
Douglas Sweetser
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Mathematica Notebook: 
abstract: 

Quaternion quantum field theory is introduced. The goal is for every equation that plays a role in quantum field theory gets rewritten using real-valued quaternions. Like the correspondence principle before it, the method is simple and systematic: keep 4-vectors together, drop factors of i, keep the constants, but make the expression dimensionless. The differences between classical, relativistic and quantum mechanics equations are based on their constants and form. The uncertainty principles for position/momentum, and energy/time appear in the same expression, a result of the product rule of calculus. The method will shun the most famous equation in physics, E=m c^2, because momentum is omitted. The square of energy-momentum will be used in its place. Substitution in that equation leads directly to the Klein-Gordon equation.

The path to the Dirac equation is more complicated. One needs to know that the 16 gamma matrices can be represented by quaternion triple products. Pre- and post-multiply a quaternion by each combination of the four basis vectors accomplishes the feat. Particular sets of quaternion gamma operators and choices of inertial reference frames can lead to wave functions whose scalar is either positive or negative definite.

A way to visualize quantum field theory using analytical animations is begun. The simplest animation is for an inertial observer. The same number gets added iteratively. The classical view is what one would expect: a ball moving in a straight line at a steady pace. The quantum view show the ball following the same path on average, but the next step cannot be known. Applying the quaternion gamma matrices to inertial path creates 16 possible histories. There is a huge amount of work ahead for the visualization project, but it will look interesting and can be shared with a far greater audience than quaternion quantum field theory equations ever will.

1. The Method
2. Introduction to QQFT, Quaternion Quantum Field Theory
Quaternion Quantum Field Theory Demystified:

1. The Method

Document Description
# of pages: 
8
# of figures: 
4
Change Log: 
2010 Oct. 26: changed method from "make dimensionless if possible" to "make dimensionless" - no exceptions. Required more extensive use of Planck units. Included applying to gravity on Earth. The Dirac equation had factors of hbar over mc, but changed that to hbar/mc^2 which has units of time and is more familiar to physicists used to working with energy.
Tags
Physics Tag: 
quantum field theory
uncertainty principle
Klein-Gordon
Dirac equation
gamma matrices
Math Tag: 
analytic animations
Posted by doug
summary: 

The gamma matrices are a tool to systematically look through all possible paths through spacetime given 4 numbers.

description: 

The path in yellow is multiplied on both sides by all 16 combinations of the basis vectors on the left and the right. An Italian physicist named DeLeo figured out how to map the gamma matrices (also referred to as the Dirac matrices) to the triple product ("Quaternions and Special Relativity", J. Math. Phys., 37:6, 2955-2968, 1996). A team in Mexico, José López-Bonilla, L. Rosales-Roldán, and A. Zúñiga-Segundo detailed the process - and made me aware of the connection via email. The gamma matrix machinery can be hard to appreciate, there being all kinds of combinations of matrices and spinors that play roles. With quaternions the story is much more straightforward: multiply on the left and the right by (1, i, j, k).

Let's look at 1 triple product, i (t, x, y, z) k = (z, -y, -x, t). The algebra is simple, but the results are odd. This function swaps the value of time into the z position, and visa versa. The values of x and y trade places and signs. While you and I might like to consider values for time and space to be solid, in relativistic quantum field theory, Nature has a need to take what ever numbers are in the house and systematically shuffle them so that the sum of all possible paths can be calculated. This animation shows four points coming in form four directions, all paths possible with these 4 numbers. The 16 paths can be seen. Now the work done by the 16 Dirac matrices does not seem so utterly abstract.

command: 
q_graph -out gamma -dir gamma -box 2.5 -loop 0 -command 'q_add_n 2.9 3.1 3.2 2.8 -0.006 -0.0059 -0.0061 -0.0062 1000' -color yellow -command 'q_add_n 2.9 3.1 3.2 2.8 -0.006 -0.0059 -0.0061 -0.0062 1000| gamma -almost' -color blue
youtube embed: 
math
equation: 

( 1 |  i |  j | k) (t,x,y,z) ( 1 |  i |  j | k)

tags
Physics Tag: 
quantum field theory
gamma matrices
Programming Tag: 
command line quaternions
q_add_n
gamma
Tags: